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may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him
Economical and Financial Matters
Halal and Haram (The Permitted and the Prohibited)
Narrated Hadrat Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him): Prophet Muhammad (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) said, "A time will come when one will not care how one gains one's money, legally or illegally." (Bukhari)
Usury is Haram (Prohibited)
Hadrat Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) said that Allah's Prophetic Messenger (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) cursed the one who accepted usury, the one who paid it, the one who recorded it, and the two witnesses to it, saying they were all alike. (Muslim)
Dealing in intoxicants is Haram (Prohibited)
Hadrat Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said that Allah's Prophetic Messenger (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) cursed ten people in connection with wine: the wine-presser, the one who has it pressed, the one who drinks it, the one who conveys it, the one to whom it is conveyed, the one who serves it, the one who sells it, the one who benefits from the price paid for it, the one who buys it, and the one for whom it is bought. (Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah)
Hadrat Wa'il al-Hadrami reported that Hadrat Tariq bin Suwaid al-Ju'fi (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the Holy Prophet Muhammad (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) about liquor. He forbade (its use) and he expressed hatred that it should be prepared. He (Tariq) said: I prepare it as a medicine, whereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: It is no medicine, but an ailment. (Muslim)
Hadrat Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Holy Prophet Muhammad (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) said, "If a large amount of anything causes intoxication, a small amount of it is prohibited." (Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah)
Dealing in pigs is Haram (Prohibited)
Hadrat Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) said, " Prophet Muhammad (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) made the sale of pigs illegal." (Bukhari)
Prohibited animals and birds
Hadrat Ibn ‘Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said, Allah's Prophetic Messenger (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) prohibited every beast of prey with a fang and every bird with a talon. (Muslim)
Hadrat Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said that Allah's Prophetic Messenger (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) prohibited eating the animal which feeds on filth or drinking its milk. (Tirmidhi)
Show leniency in transactions
Narrated Hadrat Jabir bin ‘Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him): Prophet Muhammad (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) said, "May Allah's mercy be on him who is lenient in his buying, selling and in demanding back his money." (Bukhari)
Do not snare away customers
Narrated Hadrat ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him): Prophet Muhammad (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) said: "Do not urge someone to return what he has already bought from another seller so as to sell him your own goods." (Bukhari)
Remove exploitative middle-men
Narrated Hadrat Tawus: Ibn ‘Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “Prophet Muhammad (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) said, "Do not go to meet the caravans on the way (for their goods without letting them know the market price), a town dweller should not sell the goods of a desert dweller on behalf of the latter." I asked Hadrat Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him), "What does he mean by not selling the goods of a desert dweller by a town dweller?” He said, “He should not become his broker." (Bukhari)
The Honest Treasurer
Narrated Hadrat Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him): Prophet Muhammad (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) said, "The honest treasurer who gives willingly what he was ordered to give is one of the two charitable persons (the second being the owner)." (Bukhari)
Give measure for measure
Hadrat Abu Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him) and Hadrat Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) said that Allah's Prophetic Messenger (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) appointed a man over Khaibar and he brought him dates of a very fine quality. He asked him whether all the dates of Khaibar were like that, and he replied, "I swear by Allah that they are certainly not, Messenger of Allah. We take a sa’ of this kind for two, and two for three." So he said, "Do not do so. Sell the lot for dirhams, then buy the very fine dates for dirhams." He said that it was the same when things were sold by weight. (Bukhari and Muslim)
Trade in futures
Narrated Hadrat ibn ‘Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him): Prophet Muhammad (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) came to Madina and the people used to pay in advance the price of dates to be delivered within two or three years. He said (to them), “Whoever pays in advance the price of a thing to be delivered later should pay it for a specified measure at a specified weight for a specified period." (Bukhari)
Partnership
Narrated Hadrat Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that Sayyidina Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to him the law of zakat which was made obligatory by Allah's Prophetic Messenger (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him). He wrote:“Partners possessing joint property (sheep) have to pay its zakat equally”. (Bukhari)
Mortgage
Narrated Sayyidatina Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): Allah’s Prophetic Messenger (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) purchased food grains from a Jew on credit and mortgaged his iron armour to him. (Bukhari)
How Prophet Muhammad (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) repaid the debt
Narrated Hadrat Jabir bin ‘Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him): I went to Prophet Muhammad (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) while he was in the mosque. He told me to pray two rak’a (salah), after which he repaid me the debt he owed me and gave me an extra amount. (Bukhari)